Monodon Baculovirus Disease of shrimp is caused by a virus of the family Baculoviridae. The disease has a wide host range and affects many species of shrimp.
P. monodon with late larval, post-larval and young juvenile shrimp as the most susceptible stages.
The disease is a major threat to shrimp farming, causing significant losses each year. Monodon Baculovirus (MBV) is a virus that causes significant disease in shrimp.
History
It was first identified in Taiwan in the 1977s, and has since been reported in many countries around the world.
The virus causes mortality rates of up to 100%, and can result in significant losses for shrimp farmers.
There is no cure or prevention for MBV infection, so controlling the spread of the virus is critical for preventing outbreaks.
Causes
In shrimp farming, Monodon Baculovirus (MBV) is the most common virus and has been observed in all life stages of Penaeus monodon.
MBV can cause serious economic losses through mortality and reduced growth rates.
The virus is believed to be transmitted by contact with contaminated water, although the route of transmission is not fully understood.
Outbreaks can cause significant economic losses to the shrimp farming industry.
Geographic Distribution
The Monodon Baculovirus is a widespread and economically important virus that affects shrimp. It is found in many countries, including China, Taiwan, Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, and Sri Lanka Singapore, Australia, India, Israel, Kuwait, Oman, Italy, Kenya, Gambia and South Africa.
The virus causes severe damage to shrimp populations, leading to significant losses in the aquaculture industry.
There is currently no cure or prevention for the virus, which makes it a major threat to shrimp farming operations.
Monodon Baculovirus (MBV), a type of baculovirus, is a virus that affects shrimp. It has been introduced into Tahiti, Hawaii, Brazil, Ecuador, Mexico, Puerto Rico and the United States.
In some areas, it has caused significant losses of shrimp populations. The virus is believed to spread through contact with infected shrimp or water that has been in contact with infected shrimp. There is no known cure for MBV and there is no vaccine available. Efforts are being made to develop a vaccine for the virus.
Host Affected (Susceptible Species)
A Monodon Baculovirus (MBV) attack on shrimp can cause massive mortalities in Penaeus monodon, Penaeus merguiensis, Penaeus semisulcatus, Penaeus kerathurus and Penaeus vannamei.
The signs and symptoms of an MBV infection include white feces, red hepatopancreas, ascites and mortality. The virus can be transmitted through water, feces, or contact with infected animals.
Monodon Baculovirus (MBV) is a virus that affects shrimp. Affected shrimps exhibit pale-bluish-gray to dark blue-black coloration, sluggish and inactive swimming.
MBV is classified as a Group IV virus by the ICTV and is the only member of the Monodon genus.
The genome of MBV is a circular, single-stranded DNA molecule of about 145 kilobases in size. The virus has been isolated from wild shrimp in Malaysia, Indonesia, and Australia.
There is no treatment for an MBV infection and the only way to prevent it is through good biosecurity practices.
References
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- Rajendran, K. V., Makesh, M., & Karunasagar, I. (2012). Monodon baculovirus of shrimp. Indian Journal of Virology, 23(2), 149-160.
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- Sanjuktha, M., Rajan, J. J. S., Bharathi, R. A., Santiago, T. C., Alavandi, S. V., & Poornima, M. (2014). Development of SYBR Green based real time PCR assay for detection of monodon baculovirus in Penaeus monodon. Journal of virological methods, 205, 81-86.
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